The Visual Guide to Bovine Reproduction    Female Reproductive System     Ovaries       Ovaries on Day 0 of the Estrous Cycle.       Ovaries on Day 2 of the Estrous Cycle.       Ovaries on Day 3 of the Estrous Cycle.       Ovaries on Day 4 of the Estrous Cycle.       Ovaries on Day 5 of the Estrous Cycle.       Ovaries on Day 6 of the Estrous Cycle.       Ovaries on Day 7 of the Estrous Cycle.       Ovaries on Day 9 of the Estrous Cycle.       Ovaries on Day 14 of the Estrous Cycle.       Ovaries on Day 15 of the Estrous Cycle.       Ovaries on Day 16 of the Estrous Cycle.       Ovaries on Day 17 of the Estrous Cycle.       Ovaries on Day 20 of the Estrous Cycle.       Inactive Ovaries.       Inactive Ovary.       Ovary on Day 0 = Estrus       Ovaries on Day 7 Post Partum.       Nymphomaniac Cow.       Luteal Cyst.       Follicular Cyst and Hydrosalpinx.       Ovaries on Days 7 and 10.       Normal Day 12 Ovarian Sonogram.       Day 15 Ovarian Sonogram.       Ultrasound Unit with Transvaginal Probe.       Anestrous Ovaries.       Corpus Hemorrhagicum and Regressing CL.       Twin Corpora Hemorrhagica.       Midcycle CL.       Mature Neat Corpus Luteum.       Mature CL and Dominant Follicle.       Twin CL and Dominant Follicle.       Regressed CL and Corpus Hemorrhagicum.       Ovary and Adnexa.       Accessory Corpus Luteum.       Germinal Inclusion Cysts.       "Cystic" Corpus Luteum.       Pancake Ovaries.       Ovarian Adhesions.       Peritoneal Inclusion Cyst?       Parovarian Cyst.       Paroophoron.       Germinal Inclusion Cyst.       Cystic Granulosa Cell Tumor.       Sagital Section of a granulosa cell tumor (GCT)       Surgical Removal of a Granulosa Cell Tumor (GCT).       Holstein Heifer with Granulosa Cell Tumor (GCT).       Solid Granulosa Cell Tumor.       Small Granulosa Cell Tumor.       Large Granulosa Cell Tumor.       Ovarian Hypoplasia.       Streak Gonad.       Hamartoma.       Fibromatous Hamartoma.       Stellate Scar.       Enucleation of the Corpus Luteum.       Enucleated Corpus Luteum       Necrotic Enucleated CL       Smooth Granulosa Cell Tumor.       Smooth Granulosa Cell Tumor.       Solid Granulosa Cell Tumor.       Embedded Corpus Luteum.       Cystic Follicular Degeneration.       Nymphomania.       "Cystic" Corpus Luteum.       Cystic CL in a Pregnant Cow.       Follicular Cyst.       Follicular Cyst.       Nymphomaniac Cow.       Hydrosalpinx.       Ovarian Abscess.       Inactive "Cyst".       Intraovarian Abscess       Ovarian Cyst.       Ovarian Tuberculosis.       Partial Ovarian Hypoplasia.       Acute Vitamin A Deficiency.     Uterine Tube/Oviduct       Hydrosalpinx.       Hydrosalpinx - Close-up.       Hydrosalpinx.       Hydrosalpinx.       Hydrosalpinx.       Cystic Ovarian Bursa.       Collapsed Cystic Ovarian Bursa.       Cystic Ovarian Bursa and Hydrosalpinx.       Close-up of Cystic Ovarian Bursa.       Elongated Cystic Ovarian Bursa.       Close-up of Elongated Cystic Ovarian Bursa.       Peri-ovarian Adhesions.       Uterine Tube Dissected Out.       Close-up of Elongated Cystic Ovarian Bursa.       Cannulated Uterine Tube.       Oviductal Anomaly.       Blocked Uterine Tube.       Cystic Diverticula.       Cystic Diverticula - Close-up.       Ovulation Tags.       Segmental Hydrosalpinx.       Mesonephric Duct Cyst.       Bilateral Infundibular Aplasia.       Segmental Tubal Aplasia.     Uterus       Pluriparous Uterus.       Nulliparous Uterus.       Normal Uterus.       Histology of the Endometrial Glands.       Histology of Avian Tuberculosis.       Histology of Cystic Endometrium.       Histology of Mucometra.       Histology of Cystic Degeneration.       Sparse Endometrial Glands.       Lack of Endometrial Glands.       Large Mesonephric Duct Cyst.       Small Mesonephric Duct Cyst.       Large Edematous Intercornual Ligament.       Serosal Sacculation.       Serosal Cyst.       Utero-rectal Adhesion.       Recto-uterine Fistula.       Lochia.       Postpartum Uterus - 12 hours.       Postpartum Uterine Lumen - 12 hours.       Postpartum Uterus - 5 days.       Postpartum Uterine Lumen - Day 5.       Postpartum Uterus - Day 6.       Postpartum Uterine Lumen - Day 9.       Postpartum Uterus - Day 11.       Postpartum Uterine Lumen - Day 11.       Postpartum Uterine Lumen - Day 11.       Postpartum Uterus - Day 14.       Postpartum Uterus - Day 15.       Postpartum Uterus - Day 30.       Postpartum Uterus - Day 15 vs Day 30.       Postpartum Uterine Lumen - Day 30.       Acute Endometritis.       Cervical Discharge.       Metritis.       Pipet Abscess.       Inspissated Necrotic Caruncles.       Inspissated Necrotic Caruncles.       Inspissated Uterine Secretions.       Dried Uterine Secretions.       Dried Uterine Secretions.       Hysteroliths.       Uterine Stones.       Chronic Metritis.       Pyometra.       Postcoital Pyometra.       Postcoital Pyometra.       Ultrasonography of Pyometra.       Pyometra due to Trichomoniasis.       Mucometra.       Mucometra.       Imperforate Hymen and Mucometra.       Hydrometra.       Hydrometra.       Hydrometra.       Hydrometra / Endometrium.       Hydrometra / Clear Fluid.       Bilateral Hydrometra.       Unilateral Hydrometra.       Imperforate Hymen.       Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia.       Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia.       Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia.       Bilateral Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia.       Bilateral Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia.       Uterus Didelphys.       Uterus Didelphys.       Uterus Didelphys.       Uterus Didelphys with Hysterolith.       Segmental Hypoplasia.       Segmental Hypoplasia.       Bilateral Segmental Hypoplasia.       Multiple Hypoplasia.       Uterus Unicornis.       Uterine Tuberculosis.       Lymphosarcoma of the Uterus.       Lymphosarcoma of the Uterus.       Lymphosarcoma of the Uterus.       Lymphosarcoma Cross-section.       Leiomyoma.       Fat Necrosis.     Cervix       Double Cervix.       Double Pseudo Cervices.       Double Cervix.       Cervical Ectropion.       Cervical Anomaly.       Cervical Cysts.       Cervical Adhesion.       Cervical Adhesion.       True Double Cervix.       True Double Cervix.       True Double Cervix.       Uterus Didelphis.       Uterus Didelphis.       Lack of Transverse Folds.       Imperforate Hymen and Mucometra.       Cervical Obstruction.       Segmental Aplasia.       Segmental Aplasia.       Cervical Discharge.       Cervical Stenosis.       Hydrometra.       Persistent Median Band.       Persistent Median Band.     Vagina       Postestrous Bleeding.       Postestrual hemorrhage.       Vaginoscopy.       Vaginoscopy.       Vaginoscopy.       Idiopathic Vaginitis.       Postestrous / Metestrous Hemorrhage.       Mesonephric Duct Cysts.       Necrotic Vaginitis.       Abnormal Vaginal Discharge.       Persistent Median Band.       Persistent Median Band.       Imperforate Hymen and Mucometra.       Lymphomatosis.       Lymphomatosis of the Vagina.       Lymphosarcoma of the Vagina.     Vulva       Vulva of a Cow in Estrus.       Edema of the Vulva.       Allergic Reaction of the Vulva.       Pneumovagina.       Louse Infestation.       Louse Infestation.       Fibropapilloma.       Fibropapilloma.       Fibropapilloma.       Fibropapilloma.       Fibropapilloma.       Squamous Cell Carcinoma.       Squamous Cell Carcinoma.       Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Vulva.       Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Vulva.       Bovine Herpes Virus Infection.       Granular Venereal Disease.       Bovine Herpes Virus Infection.       Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis.       Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis.       Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis.       Vulvar Wattle.       External Vulvar Wattle.       Vulvar Wattle.       Third Degree Perineal Laceration.       Labial Insufficiency.       Old Vulvar Injury.    Estrus Detection     Estrous Behavior       Standing to be Mounted.       Estrous Behavior.       Estrous Behavior in a Group of Cows.     Estrus Detection Aids       Heat Mount Detector.       Close-up of Dye Capsule.       Tail Head Painting 1.       Tail Head Painting 2.       Tail Head Painting 3.       Tail Head Painting 4.       Tail Head Painting 5.       Tail Head Painting 6.       Tail Head Painting 7.       Tail Head Painting 8.       Tail Head Painting 9.       Tail Head Painting 10.       Tail Head Chalking 1.       Tail Head Chalking 2.       Tail Head Chalking 3.       Tail Head Chalking 4.       Tail Head Chalking 5.       Vaginal Probe and the Electrical Resistance Meter.       Measuring of the Electrical Resistance of the Vaginal Secretions.       Measuring of the Electrical Resistance of the Vaginal Secretions.       Unit for Disinfection of the Vaginal Probe.       Teaser Bull with Lateral Deviation of the Penis.       Teaser Bull with Lateral Deviation of the Prepuce and Penis.       Lateral Deviation of the Penis 1.       Lateral Deviation of the Penis 2.       Lateral Deviation of the Penis 3.       Lateral Deviation of the Penis 4.       Lateral Deviation of the Penis 5.       Lateral Deviation of the Penis 6.       Lateral Deviation of the Penis 7.       Lateral Deviation of the Penis 8.       Lateral Deviation of the Penis 9.       Chinball Marking Harness.       Chinball Marking Harness in Place.       Marked Heifer.       Caudal Epididymectomy.       Caudal Epididymectomy.       Manual Extension of the Penis.       Dorsal Ligament Resection 1.       Dorsal Ligament Resection 2.       Dorsal Ligament Resection 3.       Dorsal Ligament Resection 4.       Dorsal Ligament Resection 5.       Dorsal Ligament Resection 6.       Dorsal Ligament Resection 7.       Dorsal Ligament Resection 8.       Dorsal Ligament Resection 9.       Dorsal Ligament Resection 10.       Flehmen Response.       Flehmen Response.       Penectomized Teaser Bull.       Use of a Paint Pistol to Mark Cows.       Pedometer.    Placenta     Normal Placenta.       Third Trimester Fetal Membranes.       Third Trimester Caruncles.       Normal Cotyledons.       Term Placenta.       Circulation of the Placentome.       Epithelial Plaques.       Amniotic Plaques.       Normal Calcification.       Normal Fresh Cotyledons.       Normal 70-day Conceptus.       Normal Chorioallantois.       Twin Placentation - 75 days.       Normal 80-day Conceptus.       Neonatal Caruncles.     Abnormal Placenta       Severe Adventitious Placentation.       Early Adventitious Placentation.       Adventitious Placentation.       Adventitious Caruncular Tissue.       Retained Fetal Membranes.       Necrotic Placentitis Caused by Mycotic Infection.       Necrotic Adventitious Placentitis.       Placental Anomaly.       Hydatidiform Mole.       Hydatidiform Mole.       Cystic Placental Mole.       Early Necrosis.       Small Amniotic Cysts.       Tumor of the Trophoblast.    Obstetrics     Normal Calving       Active Labor Begins.       Foot Presented.       Both Feet Presented.       Cord Still Attached.       Calf Delivered.       Stimulating Respiration.       Two Water Bags.     Calving Facilities       Ideal Calving Pasture.       Dirty Maternity Area.       Dirty Calving Area.       Excessive Traction.       Maternity Pen.       Head Catch in Maternity Pen.       Easy to Clean Maternity Pen.       Down in the Chute.       Down in the Lane.       Cow with Newborn Calf.       First Nursing.     Pelvic Dimensions       Maternal Pelvis.       Pelvimetry - Vertical Diameter.       Pelvimetry - Horizontal Diameter.     Presentation       Calving Plan.       Early Labor - Amnion Intact.       Early Labor - Amnion Showing.       Early Labor - Foot Showing.       Stage 2 of Labor.       Normal Anterior Presentation.       Obstetrical Examination.       Normal Anterior Longitudinal Presentation; Closed Cervix.       Normal Anterior Longitudinal Presentation.       Left Leg Retained at Carpus.       Correction of Retained Carpus 1.       Correction of Retained Carpus 2.       Left Leg Retained at the Shoulder.       Repelling the Shoulder.       Repelling the Calf.       Retrieving the Carpus.       Pulling the Carpus Upwards.       Elevating the Pastern.       Pushing the Carpus Upwards and Laterally.       Cupping the Claws.       Normal Posterior Longitudinal Presentation.       Repelling Posterior Presentation.       Repositioning the Hock.       Repositioning the Hock.       Repelling the Hock while Pulling on the Foot.       Cupping the Claws.       Final Extension of the Leg.       Transverse Dorsal Presentation.       Twins.       Transverse Ventral Presentation.       Left Lateral Deviation of the Head.       Dogsitting Position.       Dorso-Pubic Position.       True Breech.       Excessive Traction.       Stretching the Vulva.       Casting the Cow.       Maternal Pelvis.       Cross Section of the Fetus at the Hips.       Fetal Hips Entering the Pelvic Inlet.       Rotation of the Fetal Pelvis.       Starting the Delivery.       When Head is Out: Stop.       Start Rotation.       Chest Out - Rotated 45 Degrees.       Working the Vulvar Lips over the Hips.       Propping up the Calf for Ease of Respiration.       Suspending the Newborn Calf.       Colostrum.       Happy Ending.     True Breech       Both Legs Retained at the Hips.       Anterior and Upward Repulsion.       Lateral Rotation of Hock.       Medial Traction on Fetlock.       Caudal Traction on Pastern.     Sizing the Fetus       Determining if There is Enough Room.       Ventral View of a Calf in Posterior Presentation.       Dorsal View While Standing.       Ventral View While Cast.       Traction on Bottom Leg.     Calving Injuries       Calf Puller.       Chain Placement.       Oblique Fracture of the Metacarpus.       Fractured Mandible.       Subcutaneous Bruising.       Bruised Lungs.       Fractured Ribs.       Bruised Heart.       Swollen Head and Tongue.       Laceration of Swollen Tongue.       Long Umbilical Cord.     Cesarean Section       Positioning the Hind leg in the Abdominal Incision.       Incision in the Uterus.       Leg Exteriorized.       Newborn Calf in Clean Cart after C-section.       Utrecht Pattern - First Stitch.       Utrecht Pattern.       Utrecht Pattern - First Tie.       Utrecht Pattern.       Utrecht Pattern - 2 Steps Forward / 1 Step Backwards.       Utrecht Pattern - Ending the Incision.       Utrecht Pattern - Final Knot.       Utrecht Pattern - Final Tie.       Utrecht Pattern - Actual Uterus.       Utrecht Pattern - Actual Uterus.       Utrecht Pattern Complete - Actual Uterus.       Closing the Flank Incision.       Closing the Midline Incision.       Torn Uterine Artery.     Fetotomy       Utrecht Fetatome.       Epidural Anesthesia.       Amputation of the Head.       Positioning of the Wire and the Fetatome.       Amputation of the Forelimb.       Transverse Division of the Anterior Portion of the Chest.       Transverse Division of the Posterior Portion of the Trunk.       Reduction of the Rib Cage.       Division of the Fetal Pelvis.       Amputation of the Rear Limb.       Transverse Division of the Posterior Fetal Trunk.       Amputation of the Second Rear Limb.       Transverse Division of the Fetal Trunk.       Amputation of the Chest.       Diagonal Division of the Front Quarters.       Amputation of the Front Leg when the Head is Deviated.       Amputation of the Laterally Deviated Head.       True Breech - Amputation of a Leg.       Amputation Distal to the Carpus.       Amputation of the Front Leg Retained at the Shoulder.       Amputation of the Hind leg Retained at the Hock.       Correct Amputation to Ensure Anchoring of the Chain.       Hiplock in a Beef Heifer.       Incision of the Abdomen.       Thygesen Fetatome.       Thygesen Fetatome Assembled.       Thygesen Fetatome Disassembled.       Removal of the Fetal Viscera.       The First Cut with the Fetatome.       Division of the Fetal Pelvis.       Fetatome in Place.       Hiplock Relieved.       Hiplock Resolved.       Intra-Uterine Treatment.       Systemic Treatment.       The Patient after the Treatment.       Partial Fetotomy.     Pelvic Splitting       Pelvic Chisel.       Initial Placement.       Alignment of the Chisel.       Ischiopubic Symphysiotomy 2.       Ischiopubic Symphysiotomy 3.       Ischiopubic Symphysiotomy 4.       Ischiopubic Symphysiotomy 5.       Ischiopubic Symphysiotomy 6.       Ischiopubic Symphysiotomy 7.       Ischiopubic Symphysiotomy 8.     Episiotomy       Episiotomy 1.       Episiotomy 2.       Episiotomy 3.    Postpartum Care     Vaginal Trauma       Necrotic Vaginitis.       Laceration of the Vulva.       Perineal Swelling Due to Vaginal Abscessation.       Necrotic Vaginitis and Abscessation.       Necrotic Vaginitis and Abscessation.       Necrotic Vaginitis and Abscessation.       Necrotic Vaginitis and Abscessation.       Persistent Median Band.       Persistent Median Band - Close-up.     Prolapsed Uterus       Prolapsed Uterus in a Holstein.       Intestinal Prolapse into a Prolapsed Uterus.       Uterine Prolapse.       Replacement in the Standing Cow.       Treatment after Replacement of Prolapse of the Uterus.       Prolapsed Uterus in a Jersey.       Use of a Tray to Replace a Prolapsed Uterus.       Replacement of a Prolapsed Uterus.       Prolapsed Uterus Replaced.       Ruptured Uterine Artery.       Re-inversion of the Prolapsed Uterus.       Prevention of the Recurrence of Prolapse of the Uterus.       Ruptured Uterine Artery.     Uterine Involution       Cow Eating Placenta.       Postpartum Uterus - 12 hours.       Postpartum Uterine Lumen - 12 hours.       Postpartum Uterus - 5 days.       Postpartum Uterus - Day 6.       Postpartum Uterine Lumen - Day 5.       Postpartum Uterus - 9 days.       Postpartum Uterine Lumen - Day 9.       Postpartum Uterus - Day 11.       Postpartum Uterine Lumen - Day 11.       Postpartum Uterine Lumen - Day 11.       Postpartum Uterus - Day 14.       Postpartum Uterus - Day 15.       Postpartum Uterus - Day 30.       Postpartum Uterine Lumen - Day 30.       Postpartum Uterus - Day 15 vs Day 30.     Uterine Trauma       Ruptured Uterine Artery.       Amputated Uterus.       Necrotic Caruncular Caps.       Intussusception of the Tip of the Uterine Horn.    Reproductive Management     Heat Stress       Open Mouth Breathing in Heat Stressed Cows.       Heat Stress.       Lack of Shade in the Feeding Area.       Environmental Management of Heat Stress.       Environmental Management of Heat Stress.       Environmental Management of Heat Stress.       Cooling Pond.     Cycle Control       CIDR Device with Applicator.       Insertion of a CIDR Device with the Applicator.    Pregnancy     Conceptus       Day 14 Bovine Conceptuses.       Day 19 Conceptus.       Day 55 Bovine Conceptus.       Twin Conceptuses.       Triplet Conceptuses.       First Trimester Abortion.       2.5-Month Conceptus.       Normal 70-day Conceptus.       Normal 80-day Conceptus.       Day 27 Embryo / Ultrasound.       Day 37 Conceptus / Ultrasound.       Day 59 Fetus / Ultrasound.       Day 60 Conceptus / Ultrasound.       Day 61 Conceptus / Ultrasound       Day 105 Fetal Head / Ultrasound.     Diagnosis       Asymmetry of the Uterine Horns.       Early Asymmetry of the Horns.       Triplets.       Triplet Conceptuses.       Slipping the Chorio-Allantoic Membranes.       Slipping Membranes.       Amniotic Vesicle.       Localizing the Amniotic Vesicle.       Trauma of the Amniotic Vesicle.       60-Day Fetus.       2.5-Month Conceptus.       CL of Pregnancy on the Contralateral Ovary.       Fetal Sizes.       Palpation of the Fetal Head.       Palpation of a Placentome.       Exposed Placentome.       Normal Uterus on Palpation Table.       Pregnant Uteri on Palpation Table.       Palpation Table - Side View.       Palpation Table - Rear View.       Palpation Tables - Overview.       Palpation Table - Front View.       Palpation Table - Cleats.       Palpation Table - Towel Clamps.       Palpaton Table - Rectal Wall.       Palpation of the Near-Term Fetus.       Palpation of the Uterine Artery.    Ultrasonography     Cyclic Activity       Ovulatory Follicle.       Proestrus.       Preovulatory Follicle.       Uterine Edema.       Estrous Uterus.       Left Ovulation / Right Follicle.       Double Ovulation.       Multiple Follicles.       Metestrus.       Diestrous CL.       Diestrous Uterus.       Mid-cycle CL.       Corpus Luteum and Follicle.       Dominant Follicle.       Left Dominant Follicle / Right CL       Contralateral CLs.       Corpus Luteum with Cavity.       Flaccid Uterus.       Anovulation.       Large Follicular Cyst.       Follicular Cyst.       Follicular Cysts.       Luteal Cyst.       Luteinized Cyst.       Luteinizing Cyst.     Pregnancy Diagnosis       21-Day Pregnancy.       26-Day Twins.       28-Day Pregnancy.       Gestational Age 28 Days.       29-Day Pregnancy.       Gestational Age 29 Days.       Gestational Age 29 Days / Fluid.       Gestational Age 29 Days / CL.       30-Day Pregnancy.       31-Day Pregnancy.       Gestational Age 31 Days.       Gestational Age 31 Days / Uterus.       Gestational Age 31 Days / CL.       33-Day Pregnancy.       33-Day Pregnancy.       35-Day Pregnancy.       38-Day Pregnancy.       39-Day Twins.       38-Day Pregnancy.       40-Day Pregnancy       41-Day Pregnancy.       41-Day Pregnancy.       42-Day Pregnancy.       43-Day Pregnancy.       45-Day Pregnancy.       48-Day Pregnancy.       49-Day Pregnancy.       54-Day Pregnancy.       58-Day Pregnancy.       60-Day Pregnancy.       64-Day Twin Pregnancy.       68-Day Pregnancy.       68-Day Pregnancy.       71-Day Fetal Head.       Two CL of Pregnancy.       Early Embryonic Death.       Fetal Death.       Fetal Demise.       Dead Twins.       One Dead Twin.     Gender Diagnosis       Fetal Sexing.       Gender Determination.       Female Fetus.       Female Genital Tubercle.       Male Fetus.       Male Fetus.       Male Genital Tubercle.     Abnormal Conditions       Artifacts.       Atypical Corpus Luteum.       Endometritis.       Abnormal Uterine Fluid.       Metritis.     Ovum Pick Up       Transrectal Ultrasonography.       Transvaginal Transducer.       Transvaginal Transducer - Close up.       Aspiration Needle for Transvaginal Oocyte Recovery.       Transvaginal Oocyte Recovery.    Accidents of Gestation     Uterine Torsion       Uterine Torsion with Rupture.       Uterine Torsion - Close Up.       Severe Vascular Congestion of the Uterus.       Diagnosis of Uterine Torsion.       Vulvar Twist.       Correction of Uterine Torsion.     Strangulated Umbilical Cord       Strangulation of the Umbilical Cord by Wrapping Around the Neck.       Strangulated Umbilical Cord Injury.       Accidental Fetal Death.       Accidental Fetal Death - Close-up.     Pelvic Subluxation       Sacro-Iliac Subluxation.       Sacro-Iliac Subluxation - Close Up.     Prolapsed Vagina       Early Prolapsed Vagina.       Extensive Vaginal Prolapse.       Cervicovaginal Prolapse.       Cervicovaginal Prolapse.       Cervical Prolapse.       Prolapsed Rectum.       Prolapsed Rectum.       Rectal Prolapse.       Prolapse of the Bladder.       Cystic Vestibular Gland - Small.       Cystic Vestibular Gland Greatly Distended.       Vaginal Prolapse Repair with Tape Loops.       Instruments and Devices for Vaginal Prolapse Repair.       Instruments for Repair of a Prolapsed Vagina.       Vaginal Prolapse Repair with Hog Rings.       Prolapsed Vagina in a Nonpregnant Cow.       Repair of Prolapsed Vagina in the Nonpregnant Cow.       Purse String Suture in Place.       Minchnev Technique for Retention of a Prolapsed Vagina.       Minchnev Technique for Retention of a Prolapsed Vagina.       Epidural Anesthesia.       Instruments for the Buehner Procedure.       Cow after Replacement of the Prolapsed Vagina.       Replacement of the Prolapsed Vagina - Initial Dorsal Incision.       Replacement of the Prolapsed Vagina - Ventral Incision.       Replacement of the Prolapsed Vagina - Medicating the Tape.       Replacement of the Prolapsed Vagina - Deep Insertion of the Needle.       Replacement of the Prolapsed Vagina - Dorsal Exit of the Buehner Needle.       Replacement of the Prolapsed Vagina - Right-Sided "Semicircle" Completed.       Replacement of the Prolapsed Vagina - Tip of the Needle Threaded with Tape.       Replacement of the Prolapsed Vagina - Tape Pulled Through from Top to Bottom.       Replacement of the Prolapsed Vagina - Left-Sided "Semicircle" Completed with Needle.       Replacement of the Prolapsed Vagina - Needle Threaded for Second Half of the Circle.       Replacement of the Prolapsed Vagina - Purse String Ready to be Tightened.       Replacement of the Prolapsed Vagina - Fingers Inserted to Allow Room for Urination.       Replacement of the Prolapsed Vagina - Finishing the Knot.       Replacement of the Prolapsed Vagina - Knot Visible.       Replacement of the Prolapsed Vagina - Antibiotics Instilled in Ventral Incision.       Replacement of the Prolapsed Vagina - Antibiotics Instilled in Dorsal Incision.     Prolapse of the Bladder       Prolapsed Bladder.     Ruptured Prepubic Tendon       Ruptured Prepubic Tendon.       Ruptured Prepubic Tendon.       Quadruplets Delivered by a Cow with a Ruptured Prepubic Tendon.       Abdominal Hernia in a Pregnant Cow.       Abdominal Hernia before C-Section.       Abdominal Hernia after C-Section.       Abdominal Hernia in a Late Pregnant Cow.     Prolonged Gestation       Guernsey Fetus -- 6.5 months.       Guernsey Fetus -- 7.0 months.       Close-up of Guernsey Fetus.       Overdue Holstein Calf.       Comparison with Normal Calf.       Prolonged Gestation Bull.       Prolonged Gestation Bull.     Hydrops Allantois       Hydrops Allantois.       Hydrops Allantois.       Recumbent Cow with Hydrops Allantois.       Hydrallantois Profile.       Hydrallantois After Induction.       Grossly Distended Hydrallantoic Uterus.       Postmortem View of Hydrallantois.       Tightly Distended Uterus due to Hydrallantois.       Normal Cotyledons.       Early Adventitious Placentation.       Severe Adventitious Placentation.       Allantocentesis - Local Anesthesia.       Allantocentesis - Stab Incision.       Allantocentesis - Insertion of the Trocar.       Hydrallantois - Allantocentesis.       Hydrops Allantois - Allantocentesis.       Allantocentesis - Fluid Collection.       Allantocentesis - Skin Suture.       Allantocentesis - Placement of a Suture.       Profile of a Holstein Cow after Resolution of Hydropsallantois.       Hydrops Allantois in a Near Term Ayrshire Cow.       Ayrshire Cow that had Hydrops Allantois, After Induction of Parturition.     Hydrops Amnii       Hydropsamnii in a Holstein Cow.     Mummification       Mummy with Membranes.       Mummified Fetus in Utero.       Opened Uterus with Mummy.       4.0 Month Old Mummy with Membranes.       Mummification of 7.5-Month Old Fetus.       Mummification of 7.5-Month Old Fetus.       Large Mummy with Membranes.       8.5 Month-old Mummifying Fetus.       Mummified Twin.       Twin Mummy.     Maceration       Fetal Maceration.       Complete Maceration of 4-5 Month-Old Fetus.       Complete Maceration of 6-7 Month-Old Fetus.       Complete Maceration of 6-7 Month-Old Fetus.       Complete Maceration of 6-7 Month-Old Fetus.       Complete Maceration of 8+ Month-Old Fetus.       Residual Bones after Incomplete Abortion in a Bison.       Maceration in Progress.       Macerated Bones in the Uterus.       Opened Uterus to Show Macerated Bones.       Fetal Maceration in Progress.    Teratology     Fetal monster       Two-Headed Calf.       Partial Fetotomy.       Two-Headed, Five-Legged Calf.       Six-legged Calf.       Conjoined Hereford Twins.       Conjoined Holstein Twins.       Conjoined Twins.       Conjoined Twins.       Conjoined Twins.       Cyclops.       Fetal Giant.       Fetal Giant.       Perosomus Horridus.       Perosomus Elumbis.       Perosomus Elumbis.       Perosomus Elumbis.       Achondroplasia (Bulldog Calf).       Extreme Achondroplasia.       Attempted Spontaneous Delivery of a Calf with Schistosoma Reflexum.       Schistosoma Reflexum in a 70-Day Old Fetus.       Schistosoma Reflexum in a 70-Day Old Fetus.       Defect of the Vertebral Column of a Schistosoma Reflexum.       Schistosoma Reflexum in a 6-Month Old Fetus.       Schistosoma Reflexum in a Newborn Holstein Calf.       Schistosoma Reflexum in a Newborn Guernsey Calf.       Schistosoma Reflexum in a Newborn Jersey Calf.       Vertebral Column of a Term Schistosoma Reflexum.       Scoliosis.       Fetal Anasarca.       Fetal Anasarca with Membranes.       Congenital Dropsy.       Globosus Amorphus (Classic).       Globosus Amorphus (Typical).       Globosus Amorphus Opened Up.       Globosus Amorphus - Small Necrotic.       Globosus Amorphus - Small, Opened Up.       Atypical Globosus Amorphus.       Holoacardius Amorphus.     Congenital Anomalies       Palatoschisis.       Severe Cleft Palate.       Craniofacial Malformation.       Schistocephalus Bifidus.       Fetal Giant.       Fetal Giant.       Encephalocele.       Hydrocephalus in a Limousin Calf.       Hydrocephalus Opened Up.       Hydrocephalus in an Ayshire Calf.       Hydrocephalus in a Jersey Calf.       Epitheliogenesis Imperfecta.       Epitheliogenesis Imperfecta - Close Up.       Hypospadias in a Holstein Calf.       Hemiscrota.       Hypospadias in a Jersey Calf.       Fetal Ascites.       Hydroperitoneum.       Fetal Ascites.       Fetal Anasarca.       Dwarfism - 8 Months.       Dwarfism - 3 Months.       Adult Dwarf.       Ectopic Heart.       Limber Legs.       Parasitic Limb.       Parasitic Limb - Close Up.       Duplication of Bones of the Lower Hind Limb.       Radiograph of Duplication of Bones.       Contracted Tendons.       Spastic Paresis.       Congenitally Notched Ears and Dropsy (Stocking) of the Hind Legs.       Congenitally Notched Ears.       Syndactily.       Syndactily - Close Up.       Freemartin Vulva.       Freemartin Vulvar Tuft.       Freemartin Vulvar Tuft.       Freemartin Reproductive Tract.       Freemartin with Underdeveloped Reproductive Tract.       Hypoplasia of Female Reproductive Tract.       Freemartin Test.       Vulvar Wattle in a Jersey Calf.       Vulvar Wattle in a Holstein Calf.       Male Pseudohermaphrodite.       Pulmonary Hamartoma.    Abortion     Infectious Causes       Brucella Abortion - Transmission.       Brucella Abortus.       Brucella Abortion.       Diagnosis of Brucellosis.       Leptospira Pomona.       Transmission of Leptospirosis.       Cerebellar Hypoplasia.       Bovine Epididymitis.       Campylobacter Abortion.       Campylobacter Fetus Subspecies Fetus.       Aborted Fetus due to Leptospirosis.       Epizootic Bovine Abortion.       Epizootic Bovine Abortion.       Epizootic Bovine Abortion.       Mycotic Abortion.       Necrotic Placentitis caused by Mycotic Infection.       Necrotic Placentitis.       Necrotic Placentitis.       Severe Necrotic Placentitis.       Mycotic Abortion.       Fungal Abortion.       Diagnosis of Trichomoniasis in the Bull.       Embryonic Death.       Epithelial Crypts in the Preputial Lining of the Bull.       Tritrichomonas Foetus.       Tritrichomonas Foetus Organisms.       Tritrichomonas Foetus Organism.       Tritrichomonas Foetus Organism.       Postcoital Pyometra.       Bovine Herpes Eye Lesion.       Bovine Herpes Penile Lesions.     Undetermined Cause       Idiopathic Early Abortion.       Idiopathic Early Abortion.       First Trimester Abortion.     Noninfectious Abortion       Early Embryonic Death.       Fetal Resorption.       Premature Triplets.    Male Reproductive System     Bulls       Beefalo Bull.       Belgian Blue Bulls.       Double Muscling - Shoulders.     Testis and Epididymis       Testicular Atrophy.       Atrophy After Biopsy.       Testicular Biopsy Attempt.       Testicular Hemorrhage.       Testicular Infarct.       Testicular Degeneration.       Testicular Degeneration.       Segmental Aplasia.       Epididymitis (Brucellosis).       Brucella Infection of the Testis.       Epididymitis.       Caudal Epididymitis.       Epididymal Duct System.       Epididymal Anomaly.       Testicular Pressure.       Testicular Fibrosis.       Sertoli Cell Tumor.       Interstitial Cell Tumor.       Orchitis.       Peri-orchitis.       Anomalous Cremaster Muscle.       Mesothelioma.       Hydrocele.       Ultrasonography of the Testis.       Hydrocele.       Unilateral Castration.       Unilateral Castration.       Unilateral Castration.       Unilateral Castration.       Testicular Adhesions.       Traumatic Orchitis.       Post-Op Unilateral Castration.       Lymphosarcoma.       Malignant Lymphoma.       Bilateral Testicular Hypoplasia.       Severe Testicular Degeneration.       Emasculator.       Emasculation.       Elastrator.       Elastration.       Elastration.       Newberry Knife.       Upward Displacement of the Testes.       Placement of the Newberry Knife.       Slitting the Scrotum.       Testes Dropping Down.     Accessory Sex Glands       Male Reproductive Tract.       Normal Seminal Vesicular Glands.       Asymmetrical Seminal Vesicular Glands.       Seminal Vesiculitis.       Purulent Seminal Vesiculitis 1.       Purulent Seminal Vesiculitis 2.       Bladder Paralysis.       Adhesions to Rectum.     Scrotum       Scrotal Circumference.       Unilateral Scrotal Enlargement.       Excessive Scrotal Fat.       Scrotal Insulation.       Scrotal Hernia 1.       Scrotal Hernia 2.       Scrotal Hernia 3 - Rear View.       Scrotal Hernia 4 - Close up.       Inguinal Hernia.       Pox Lesions.       Scrotal Dermatitis.       Chorioptic Mange.       Scrotal and Perineal Dermatitis.       Scrotal Dermatitis - Close-up.       Severe Testicular Degeneration.       Testicular Degeneration.       Lactating Teats.     Penis       Manual Extension.       Examination of the Penis.       Persistent Frenulum.       Frenulum.       Prepubertal Prepuce.       Separation of the Prepuce.       Hematoma of the Penis.       Penile Hematoma.       Penile Hematoma.       Fibropapilloma.       Penile Wart.       Wart at Tip of Penis       Small Penile Warts.       Granular Venereal Disease.       Multiple Fibropapillomata.       Multiple Small Fibropapillomas.       Diffuse Fibropapillomas.       Laceration of the Penis.       Laceration of the Penis.       Amputated Preputial Prolapse.       Stepped-on Prolapse.       Rare Preputial Injury 1.       Rare Preputial Injury 2.       Rare Preputial Injury 3.       Laceration Repair.